Article 32 — Principal Criminal.

(1) Any person shall be regarded as having committed a crime as a principal criminal and punished as such if: (a) he actually commits the crime either directly or indirectly, in particular by means of an animal or a natural force; or (b) he without performing the criminal act itself fully associates himself with the commission of the crime and the intended result; or (c) he employs an infant or a person who is mentally deficient or unaware of the circumstances, for the commission of a crime or compels another person to commit a crime. (2) Where the crime committed goes beyond the intention of the criminal he shall be tried in accordance with Article 58(3). (3) Where two or more persons are involved as principal criminals in the commission of a crime, each shall be liable to the punishment attaching thereto. The Court shall take into account the provisions governing the effect of personal circumstances (Art. 41) and those governing the award of punishment according to the degree of individual guilt (Art. 88).